Sunday, December 14, 2014

Adaptation of Jonathan Swift's A Modest Proposal

It is a mournful object to those who walk through this great country or travel the world, when they see the streets, the roads, and buildings, crowded with the poor, sick, and crippled, all importuning every passerby for an alms. These people, instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in begging for money to sustain themselves.
            I think it is agreed by everyone that this prodigious number of the population in the arms, or on the backs, or at the heels of those adequately sustaining themselves, is in the present deplorable state of this world a very great additional grievance; and therefore, whoever could come up with a fair, easy method of dealing with those who burden society would deserve a great reward from the public for maintaining society and preserving the future.
            But my intention is far from being confined to provide only to the poor, sick, and crippled; it is of a much greater extent, and shall take in the whole of people unwilling, or unable, to work towards the betterment of society and the improvement of technology.
            As to my own part, having turned my thoughts for many years upon this important subject, and maturely weighed the several ideas of others involved in these matters, I have found them to be grossly mistaken in the computation. It is true, people can live on the streets, although no one can survive very long by means of begging. It is apparent that we must prevent people getting to this point and through my proposal, beggars will become a tool for the betterment of society and the world as a whole.
            There is likewise another great advantage in my scheme, that it will prevent annoyance and inconvenience of those who provide sufficiently for society, and rid the world of the abhorrent practice of begging for sustenance, which molests the important people in the world and proves to be a hindrance on such people.
            The number of people in the great world being usually reckoned seven billion, of these I calculate there may be about 3 billion people with an inadequate salary to sustain themselves and causing disturbances for middle or upper class residents of the planet Earth, from which I subtract 500 million who are supported by family members, although under the present conditions in the world, cannot be so many; this being granted, that leaves 2.5 billion people struggling to survive in the current economy. I again subtract 200 million for those who survive based on agricultural means and do not rely on traditional means of work to survive. There remains 2.3 billion people living in poverty. The question therefore is, how this number shall be dealt with, which, as I strongly feel, is utterly impossible in the current situation of the world. For we cannot employ them for lack of work, these people turn to a life of crime to provide for themselves.
            I shall now therefore humbly propose my own thoughts, which I hope will not be liable to the least objection.
            I have been assured by a very knowing Japanese man of my acquaintance, that automated servicemen are viable in a multitude of situations, such as the elimination of those who burden society while protecting those who are useful to the world.
            I do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration that of the 2.3 billion people already computed, 1 billion able-bodied people be sent to work in factories where they will serve as a work force to create an automated army. The rest will be temporarily sheltered in areas designated specifically for those in poverty until a suitable amount of automatons are ready for use. These robots will be available to all countries of the world for use in a variety of tasks including the removal of inhibiting residents.
            I have reckoned upon a medium that a single robotic serviceman will be able to handle anywhere between 4 to 8 people at a time, and if adequately modified, will increase its output.
            I grant this task will be somewhat costly, although surely the wealthy will be interested in the removal of those who burden society and the addition of protective services. Therefore, there will be no shortage of monetary resources.
            I have already computed the amount of resources necessary for such an endeavor and am assured by a well-respected man that the current amount of material in circulation is more than enough.
            I think the advantages by the proposal which I have made are obvious and many, as well as of the highest importance.
            For first, there will be a demand for engineers and scientists to design each automaton which will, in effect, stimulate the economy and provide global opportunities for careers.
            Secondly, the moral implications of ridding the world of obstructions will not fall to our honorable human servicemen, but instead to an unfeeling machine, which, by definition, does not feel human emotion and will not suffer any emotional repercussion.
            Thirdly, the world population will be reduced significantly which allows for allocation of natural resources to be more efficient. There will be no one to unnecessarily drain resources.
              Fourthly, the production of a robotic soldier will provide domestic protection as well as an offensive force for countries in need.
            Fifthly, and most importantly, there will be no one to disturb the middle and upper class.
            Many other advantages may be enumerated, such as effects on the environment, but this and others I omit, being studious of brevity.
            Supposing that this action is put into effect, poverty will cease to exist throughout the world.
            I think of no one opposition that can be possibly raised against this plan. This I freely own, and ‘twas indeed one design in offering it to the world. Therefore let no man talk to me of other expedients: Of stimulating the economy by creating new jobs, therefore pulling people out of poverty: Of appealing to the world’s humanity in a global effort to provide for those impoverished: Of rejecting material luxuries in the hopes of creating an equal society: Of quitting out animosities and selfishness and helping those in need.
            Therefore I repeat, let no man talk to me of these and like expedients, ‘till he hath at least some glimpse of hope, that there will ever be some hearty and sincere attempt to put them into practice.
            But, as to myself, having been wearied out for many years with offering vain, unusable thoughts on the subject, and at length utterly despairing of success, I came across this proposal, which, according to the standards of technology at this current moment, is wholly plausible and within our power.
            Ultimately, I am not so violently bent upon my own suggestion as to dismiss ideas proposed by wise men, which are equally innocent, effective, and easy.
            I profess, in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least personal interest in endeavoring to promote this essential work, having no other reason than the public advancement of the world.

Wednesday, December 10, 2014

Artificial Skin That Can Sense Heat, Pressure, and More

               
                There have been many advancements in prosthetic limbs recently. Despite allowing amputees to move and control their prosthetic limbs, they still cannot feel. American and South Korean scientists have begun moving towards solving this problem. Researchers in South Korea developed an elastic polymer that mimics the sensory capabilities of natural skin. Through human machine interfaces, people can control these limbs with their nerves, muscles, or even their brain. However, they have no way of telling if what they are holding is burning hot or if it is falling from their grasp. This new sensor is able to detect temperature, pressure, and moisture and is embedded with ultrathin sensors made of gold and silicon.
                Stretchable sensors have been in development for many years although this one is the most sensitive of them all. With 400 sensors per square millimeter, it can accurately relay tactile information as a regular hand would. Even more amazing, the scientists behind this polymer used a high speed camera to determine the way a natural hand moves and designed the “skin” based off of points where a natural hand stretches and contracts. Along with that, researchers have made it as realistic as possible by adding actuators that heat up to approximately body temperature to mimic the feel of real skin.


                In a demonstration of the “smart skin,” Dae-Hyeong Kim, who lead the research project at Seoul National University, connected the skin to a rat and monitored the rat’s brainwaves to show that it was interpreting the data as tactile information. Despite the rat receiving the data, it is impossible to know the extent of what the rat is actually feeling. Kim says that this issue will be resolved as they move on to larger animals, which he says is the plan for the future. This technology is still far from being complete, although in the future, it could be commonplace for amputees in the future. 

Tuesday, December 2, 2014

Artificial Intelligence

According to some, advancing technology is not always beneficial. Great scientist of our time have long disputed the idea of artificial intelligence and with recent improvements, we are much closer to achieving this goal. For example, Google has recently obtained the company DeepMind for $400 million and has begun research on advanced artificial intelligence and a company in Japan has created an artificial intelligence that is smart enough to enter 90% of the countries universities, although it was not able to enter the best school in Japan. Many people agree that this is an amazing feat of human intelligence, yet some people disagree and warn that artificial intelligence will bring the downfall of the human race.
Steven Hawking, one of England’s most incredible scientists, warns of increasing ability in AIs, despite the software involved in allowing Hawking to talk having basic forms of AI. In an interview with BBC, Hawking said that “development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.” He agrees that the forms of intelligence already produced have proven to be useful, but he warns that humans, who are burdened by slow evolution, could not keep up with a constantly adapting form of intelligence and would be quickly surpassed. Hawking is not the only person who has similar fears of AI. Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla Motors, SpaceX, and cofounder of PayPal, also warns of the threat of advancing technology. Musk says that “artificial intelligence is the greatest existential threat to humankind.” Musk has invested in several AI companies to “keep an eye” on progress instead of the possible monetary return and insists on a national oversight on these projects to make sure no one “does anything foolish.” To get his point across, Musk compares the creation of AI with the summoning of a demon.With artificial intelligence we are summoning the demon. In all those stories where there’s the guy with the pentagram and the holy water, it’s like – yeah, he’s sure he can control the demon. Doesn’t work out,” said Musk. These are just two examples of great thinkers warning of potential threats, although there are many who agree with these points of view. Movies capture these ideas and although they are radical in their portrayals, many people fear the worst.

However, there are people support artificial intelligence as a positive force and those who are working towards increasing the capabilities of machines are confident in the betterment of society as a result of AI. Rollo Carpenter—the creator of CleverBot, a prominent AI that scored high on the Turing test—believes that we are still a long way from having the technological capability to produce a full AI, although he is sure it has the potential to solve many of the problems the world faces. Supporters of AI argue that despite perceived intelligence in machines, they are still just following orders based on the commands set in place by a programmer. There are also arguments regarding what constitutes intelligence, although this argument involves the belief of a soul and spiritual topics which is another reason some people do not support AI.

Sunday, November 23, 2014

Satirical Cartoon Regarding Google's Privacy Policies

Recently there has been an increase in concern about privacy — especially internet privacy. Edward Snowden released confidential information about our government stating that major companies have been feeding information about their consumers to agencies such as the CIA. One company that has become a household name over the years, Google has supposedly been monitoring information about its users and giving that information to the US government. This cartoon is in regards to this rumor:


            This cartoon shows an agent from Google monitoring the activities of users. Aside from Google’s own products, the use of different fruits on the consumer’s devices reflects Google’s abilities to monitor products that are produced by different companies, such as Apple. The second man in this cartoon tells the other not to be “paranoid” despite the agent telling them to speak slower so he can write down their conversation. This is parallel to the idea that most of society blindly accepts these acts regardless of their legality. In a motion from Google dismissing lawsuits, Google said that users should “not expect privacy” when using its e-mail service, Gmail. Despite Google’s claims denouncing criticisms on its privacy policies, Gmail has been attacked by lawmakers and privacy advocates calling the service a “horrific invasion of privacy” since its inception in 2004.

            Internet security has always been and will continue to be a concern, especially with large corporations such as Google. This cartoon represents the actions of the company and perhaps others as well. Through satirical elements such as the parody of situations in which someone uses a computer or similar device, the creator of this cartoon critiques and exposes the flawed policy on internet security of Google, while mocking societies blind acceptance of these policies. Regardless of advancements in technology, there is always a negative side which in this case, is the invasion of privacy into everyone’s daily lives. 

Sunday, October 19, 2014

3D BioPrinter Able to Print Human Skin Tissue, Along with Hair Follicles and Sweat Glands

     
Now more than ever, we are able to do amazing things with the help of technology. This technology impacts our everyday life and now it can help in medicine as well. A team of engineers has created a 3D printer that can print human skin tissue. This team has won the 2014 James Dyson Award for their invention and was the product of the collaboration of Professor Alex Guenther, two University of Toronto students, former student Boyang Zhang, and Dr. Marc Jeschke, the head of Sunntbrook Hospital's Ross Tilley Burn Centre. The PrintAlive BioPrinter uses the patients own cells, which are grown in a petri dish, to create a continuous layer of tissue that is fully compatible with that patient. In other words, this new printer eliminates the biological rejection of implants and cuts out the painful step of getting grafts from other parts of the patients body. Hopefully, this will carve a path towards being able to print whole organs and eliminate long waiting times for people on long transplant lists, while have higher survival rates for those in need of new organs. A company named Organovo has already announced that later this year, they will release the first 3D printed organ. Although this is a major breakthrough, University of Toronto is not the only one researching the printing of biologic material. Many researchers are working to perfect this technology, as it is still very new, and hopefully, through the combined efforts of the world, we can soon be able to heal patients across the world more efficiently.

Here is a link to the article from the company that is endorsing this research:
Article from MaRS Innovation